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History of Ping Pong
Ping pong was introduced to the United States when Parker Brothers bought the trademarked name from English manufacturer J. Jaques & Son Ltd. after 1901. The name 'Ping Pong' was used to describe the English game of table tennis when it was played with high-end, Jaques-branded equipment.
Today, however, the sport is officially recognized as table tennis; only those who play at the hobby-level use the term 'ping pong.' The sport of table tennis is governed by the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF).
Ping Pong Table and Balls
Ping pong is played on a table that measures 9' long x 5' wide x 30' high. A net measuring 6 inches high divides the table into two halves and extends over each edge of the table by 6 inches. Two or four players use paddles to hit a ball back and forth to each other, also known as a 'rally.'
The balls used for official tournaments now measure 40mm in diameter, are made of celluloid and weigh 2.7 grams. 38mm balls were once the standard, but that changed after the 2000 Olympics. 40mm balls are slower and spin less. It has been suggested that the move to the larger ball was due, in part, to being able to market table tennis matches for television. 40mm balls show up better onscreen, and the slower balls encourage a longer rally, which keeps the viewer interested in the game play.
The highest quality ping pong balls have a three-star rating, which represents consistency in relation to their bounce and roundness. A quality 40mm ball, when dropped from a height of 30cm (roughly 12'), will bounce 23cm high.
Ping Pong Paddles
The sport of table tennis uses paddles to hit the ball. In Europe they are called bats, and the ITTF refers to them as rackets. Although there are no official rules governing a paddle's size, shape or weight, it must be flat, rigid and covered in an approved rubber. The thickness of the rubber and adhesive must not exceed 2mm, and the paddle must be colored black on one side and red on the other.
The rubber's surface may be 'pimpled' (pimples facing out) or 'sandwiched' (pimples facing inward), but the pimples' density may not be less than 10 per square centimeter or more than 30 per square centimeter.
Most of the paddle (85%) must be made of natural wood. However, the paddle can be reinforced with a layer of carbon fiber, glass fiber or compressed paper as long as that layer is between the blade and the rubber surface. Some newer paddles may even be reinforced with aluminum or titanium.
With different rubbers on a paddle, the types and speed of spins can be changed during game play. Often a player will use a paddle that will produce great spin on the ball on one side, and the other side will create little to no spin.
Typically, the forehand side of a paddle is the attacking side, and the rubber used here creates a lot of spin. It is common to find sandwiched rubber on the attacking side because the inward-facing pimples, coupled with a smooth striking surface, allows the ball to sink more into the paddle, thus creating a larger area of contact and more spin.
The backhand side of the paddle is the defensive side, and the rubber used here should nullify the ball's spin coming from an opponent's hit. Pimpled rubber, with longer outward-facing 'pips', is commonly used for backhand, defensive strokes or chops.
Ping pong is a fast game. Skilled players with good equipment can serve a ball 70 mph. Table tennis officially became part of the Summer Olympics in 1988, and since then the game has seen some interesting technological advances, especially for training purposes.
Robots for Ping Pong Practice
Table tennis robots are available for the serious player. Typically ranging from $600-$5,000 in price, a robot can shoot balls over the net with various degrees of spin and at different frequencies. Some table tennis robots attach directly to the table; while others are freestanding. Balls can be delivered in a 'line drive' or with a 'looping topspin.' The robot can shoot table tennis balls at varying intervals, and even oscillate during practice sessions.
Although a table tennis robot can readily improve one's game, it is no substitute for live play against an opponent. For this reason, it is important to seek out local ping pong clubs. Most universities host clubs or have their own teams. USA Table Tennis, the national governing body for the Olympic sport of table tennis in the United States, provides a directory of its officially affiliated clubs nationwide (www.usatt.org).
Table tennis is an exciting and rapidly-growing international sport. Known as ping pong to recreational players, it can be the fastest sport on earth. If you love the sport as much as we do, come join us at Ping Pong Resource.
Table Tennis History
Before the name Ping-Pong became a known common term, Table Tennis was first known to be Gossima or Whiff-Whaff which is a very famous game by the second half of the 19th century in England. Came from the tennis and badminton family, table tennis was first introduced by J. Jaques and Sons and soon became a popular game where it was played by the upper-class as an entertainment after dinner. The game became very popular in Central Europe in 1905-1910. Jaques sold the rights of Ping-Pong to the Parker Brothers of the United States.
In 1901, the game was later modified by an enthusiast of the game, James Gibb, who discovered an ideal ball in the USA. This was followed by an innovation made by E.C. Goode who invented a new version of a paddle. Because of this the game became more popular and in 1902 the unofficial world championship took place.
Table Tennis Association and International Table Tennis Federation were founded in 1921 and 1926 respectively. And by 1927, London, England hosted the first official table tennis world championship. It was introduced in the Olympic as a sport in 1988.
Changes and innovations were introduced in order for the sport to develop. Changes like lowering the net, changing some rules to make the game fair and more competitive, even the equipment used was modified for better performance. It happened in 1920-1950. Changes of the rules were given a go only in the Biennial General Meeting by the ITTF and is voted and agreed by the majority of the members.
Like any other sport, a table tennis player should be physically fit and very mentally focused. This can only be attained by rigorous training to develop the skill you need to endure the sport. A player should also know the rules of the game by heart.
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