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Side Loop Type
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Typing Tutor
In this project, I used graphics, animations and interrupts.
For graphics we used the 320Í200 256 color video adapter graphics display mode and medium resolution of 320Í200 for color graphics adapter. The standard CGA colors we used are: white, light blue, yellow. The four colors of the palettes are the background color, cyan, magenta and white. To read and write graphics pixels, the functions 0Dh and 0Ch are used, respectively. VGA can generate 64 levels of red, green, and blue. The combinations of the red, blue, and green colors produce 64^3 equal 256 k different colors.
Interrupts Used:
The interrupts we used are INT 10h, INT 21h, and INT 16h.
INT 10h:
The interrupt INT 10h is used to set the display mode of 320Í200 256 color. The color register is set in proportions of Red, Green, and Blue. The string is displayed using this interrupt.
The character entered by the user is printed on the screen by interrupt INT 10h. To set the cursor position, we made a procedure ‘movec’ in which the function 02h of the interrupt INT 10h. This function lets the program move the cursor anywhere on the screen. The page doesn’t have to be the one currently being displayed.
INT 21h:
The interrupt INT 21h are serviced by DOS routines that provide high level service to hardware as well as system resources such as files and directories. it provides many functions for doing keyboard, video, and file operations. These functions may be classified as character I/O, file access, memory management, disk access, networking, and miscellaneous. The palette is set by interrupt INT 21h.
INT 16h:
The interrupt BIOS INT 16h provides keyboard services, as with INT 10h, a program can request a service by placing the function number in AH before calling INT 16h. we used only its function 00h. This function transfers the first available key value in the keyboard buffer into AX. If the buffer is empty, the computer waits for the user to press a key. ASCII keys are not echoed to the screen.
CODE:
FIRST FILE OF ASSEMBLY LANG
public STRING_DISPL
public main_bck
.model small
draw_row macro x
local l1
;draws a line in row x from column 0 to column 239
mov ah,0ch ;draw pixel
mov al,0111B ;white color
mov cx,0 ;column 0
mov dx,x ;row x
l1:
int 10h
inc cx ;next column
cmp cx,240 ;beyond column 239?
jl l1 ;no, repeat
endm
.data
MSG DB 'A TYPING TUTOR'
msg1 db 'CHASE THE PHRASE GAME'
mSG2 DB 'PRESS ANY KEY.......'
.code
main_bck proc
;initialize DS
MOV AX,@DATA ;assigning segment no of the data segment
MOV DS,AX ;mving in segment reg
MOV ES,AX
LEA BP,MSG
;sets display mode
mov ah,0 ;set screen mode
mov al,13h ;320*200 256 color(mode)
int 10h
;set color register
MOV AH,10H
MOV AL,10H
MOV BX,00 ; Color Register
MOV DH,10 ; R
MOV CH,10 ; G
MOV CL,90 ; B
INT 10H
;DRAW BOUNDARY
DRAW_ROW 30
DRAW_ROW 320
;SELECT PALETTE
MOV AH,0BH
MOV BH,1
MOV BL,0
INT 21H
;SELECT BACKGROUND
MOV BH,6H
INT 10H
;WRITE TEXT
;STRING DISPLAY
MOV DH ,8 ;row
MOV DL,11 ;col
CALL STRING_DISPL
;SECOND STRING DISPLAY
LEA BP,MSG1
MOV DH ,10 ;row
MOV DL,11 ;col
CALL STRING_DISPL
;3RD STRING
LEA BP,MSG2
MOV DH ,17 ;row
MOV DL,15 ;col
CALL STRING_DISPL
ret
main_bck endp
STRING_DISPL PROC
MOV AH ,13H
MOV AL ,01H
MOV BH ,00H
MOV BL ,0111B ;white color
MOV CX ,16
INT 10H
RET
STRING_DISPL ENDP
END
SECOND FILE
extrn last_page:near
public level
public main_bck1
public score
public error
public movec
.model small
draw_row macro x
local l1
;draws a line in row x from column 0 to column 239
mov ah,0ch ;draw pixel
mov al,0111B ;white color
mov cx,0 ;column 0
mov dx,x ;row x
l1:
int 10h
inc cx ;next column
cmp cx,320 ;beyond column 239?
jl l1 ;no, repeat
endm
draw_column macro y,z
local l1
;draws a line in row x from column 0 to column 239
mov ah,0ch ;draw pixel
mov al,0111B ;white color
mov cx,y ;column 0
mov dx,z ;row x
mov bx,80
add bx,dx
l1:
int 10h
inc dx ;next column
cmp dx,bx ;beyond column 239?
jl l1 ;no, repeat
endm
.data
MSG DB 'adsfasdsfasfdsfsddasfdsfsdfsafdffsdfsfdsasfdsasfdfsfdsdfddsfasdadfdadfjadfksdfkdfkfajdsakldfdsfafdf;fkfadsf;lkdsjf;dkjflkdf;akhdjlkfdslf;ak;ajfldkaldkjf;ldkjf;ajf;ldhj;ldkfj;lf;adsjfkkdkdjfasjfdldajkdljf;lfjld;kf;;ldadfdkjf;ldsakdlsjf;adldkjf'
arr db 256 dup(?)
score db 0
error db 0
level db 1
.code
main_bck1 proc
;initialize DS
MOV AX,@DATA ;assigning segment no of the data segment
MOV DS,AX ;moving in segment reg
MOV ES,AX
;sets display mode
mov ah,0 ;set screen mode
mov al,13h ;320*200 256 color(mode)
int 10h
;set color register
MOV AH,10H
MOV AL,10H
MOV BX,00 ; Color Register
MOV DH,10 ; R
MOV CH,10 ; G
MOV CL,90 ; B
INT 10H
;DRAW SQUARE
DRAW_ROW 10
DRAW_ROW 90
DRAW_ROW 110
DRAW_ROW 190
;SELECT PALETTE
MOV AH,0BH
MOV BH,1
MOV BL,0
INT 21H
;SELECT BACKGROUND
MOV BH,6H
INT 10H
;WRITE TEXT
;STRING DISPLAY
CALL STRING_DISPL
CALL USER_STRING
ret
main_bck1 endp
STRING_DISPL PROC
MOV SI , OFFSET MSG
mov dh,2
mov dl,1
call movec
mov cx,239
lo:
MOV AH ,0EH
MOV AL ,[SI]
MOV BH,00
mov bl,5
INT 10H
INC SI
DEC cx
CMP cx,0
JG lo
RET
STRING_DISPL ENDP
movec proc
mov ah,02
mov bh,0
int 10h
ret
movec endp
USER_STRING PROC
MOV SI,OFFSET MSG
;setting cursor position
MOV dh,14
MOV dl,1
call movec
mov cx,239 ;loop counter
l1:
;taking input from user
mov ah,0h
int 16h
cmp al,1bh
je l4
cmp al,[si]
jne l2
;printing correct letter
MOV AH,0EH
MOV BH,00
mov bl,1111b
INT 10H
add score,1
jmp l3
l2:
;printing wrong letter
MOV AH ,0EH
MOV BH,00
mov bl,4
INT 10H
add error,1
l3:
inc SI
dec cx
CMP cx,0
JG l1
l4:
call last_page
ret
USER_STRING endp
END
THIRD FILE
extrn STRING_DISPL:near
extrn score:byte
extrn error:byte
extrn end2:near
extrn level:byte
public last_page
.model small
draw_row macro x
local l1
;draws a line in row x from column 0 to column 239
mov ah,0ch ;draw pixel
mov al,0111B ;white color
mov cx,0 ;column 0
mov dx,x ;row x
l1:
int 10h
inc cx ;next column
cmp cx,240 ;beyond column 239?
jl l1 ;no, repeat
endm
.data
MSG1 db 'your last score'
MSG3 DB 'Press any key to continue & esc to exit'
MSG2 DB 'no of errors'
.code
last_page proc
;initialize DS
MOV AX,@DATA ;assigning segment no of the data segment
MOV DS,AX ;mving in segment reg
MOV ES,AX
;sets display mode
mov ah,0 ;set screen mode
mov al,13h ;320*200 256 color(mode)
int 10h
;set color register
MOV AH,10H
MOV AL,10H
MOV BX,00 ; Color Register
MOV DH,10 ; R
MOV CH,10 ; G
MOV CL,90 ; B
INT 10H
;DRAW BOUNDARY
DRAW_ROW 30
DRAW_ROW 320
;SELECT PALETTE
MOV AH,0BH
MOV BH,1
MOV BL,0
INT 21H
;SELECT BACKGROUND
MOV BH,6H
INT 10H
;WRITE TEXT
;STRING DISPLAY
;SECOND STRING DISPLAY
LEA BP,MSG1
MOV DH ,10 ;row
MOV DL,11 ;col
MOV AH ,13H
MOV AL ,01H
MOV BH ,00H
MOV BL ,0111B ;white color
MOV CX ,15
INT 10H
;3RD STRING
MOV DH ,12 ;row
MOV DL,17 ;col
mov al,score
mov ah,0
call digit
;4th STRING
LEA BP,MSG2
MOV DH ,14 ;row
MOV DL,11 ;col
MOV AH ,13H
MOV AL ,01H
MOV BH ,00H
MOV BL ,0111B ;white color
MOV CX ,12
INT 10H
;5th STRING
mov al,error
mov ah,0
MOV DH ,16 ;row
MOV DL,17 ;col
call digit
;6th STRING
LEA BP,MSG3
MOV DH ,18 ;row
MOV DL,1 ;col
MOV AH ,13H
MOV AL ,01H
MOV BH ,00H
MOV BL ,0111B ;white color
MOV CX ,39
INT 10H
mov ah,1
int 21h
cmp al,1bh
end1:
call end2
ret
last_page endp
digit proc
mov cl,100
div cl
add al, 48
mov ch, ah
mov ah,02
mov bh,0
int 10h
MOV AH ,0EH
MOV BH,00
mov bl,5
INT 10H
mov al, ch
mov ah,0
mov cl, 10
div cl
add al, 48
mov ch, ah
MOV AH ,0EH
MOV BH,00
mov bl,5
INT 10H
mov al, ch
add al, 48
MOV AH ,0EH
MOV BH,00
mov bl,5
INT 10H
ret
digit endp
end
FORTH FILE
extrn STRING_DISPL:near
public end2
.model small
draw_row macro x
local l1
;draws a line in row x from column 0 to column 239
mov ah,0ch ;draw pixel
mov al,0111B ;white color
mov cx,0 ;column 0
mov dx,x ;row x
l1:
int 10h
inc cx ;next column
cmp cx,240 ;beyond column 239?
jl l1 ;no, repeat
endm
.data
MSG db 'Game over'
.code
end2 proc
;initialize DS
MOV AX,@DATA ;assigning segment no of the data segment
MOV DS,AX ;mving in segment reg
MOV ES,AX
;sets display mode
mov ah,0 ;set screen mode
mov al,13h ;320*200 256 color(mode)
int 10h
;set color register
MOV AH,10H
MOV AL,10H
MOV BX,00 ; Color Register
MOV DH,10 ; R
MOV CH,10 ; G
MOV CL,90 ; B
INT 10H
;DRAW BOUNDARY
DRAW_ROW 30
DRAW_ROW 320
;SELECT PALETTE
MOV AH,0BH
MOV BH,1
MOV BL,0
INT 21H
;SELECT BACKGROUND
MOV BH,6H
INT 10H
;WRITE TEXT
;STRING DISPLAY
;SECOND STRING DISPLAY
LEA BP,MSG
MOV DH ,10 ;row
MOV DL,15 ;col
MOV AH ,13H
MOV AL ,01H
MOV BH ,00H
MOV BL ,0111B ;white color
MOV CX ,9
INT 10H
mov ah,1h
int 21h
mov ah,4ch
int 21h
mov ah,0
int 21h
end2 endp
end
MAIN FILE
extrn main_bck1:near
extrn main_bck:near
.model small
.data
.code
main proc
mov ax,@data
mov ds,ax
MOV ES,AX
call main_bck
mov ah,1
int 21h
call main_bck1
main endp
end
About the Author
i m a student of electrical engineering
I have an old sword made in India, and I need help finding the information on it?
It what looks like a bronze handle with a type of cat head leading to a large loop. The sword itself is double bladed at the end and it says "made in india" on the side near the handle. The Hilt is a red fabric with a faded gold lining going down the hilt. its a bad description but that's how I can describe it, if you know please help
Unfortunately if it SAYS "Made in India" .....it's not that old.
The "Made in..." is a rather NEW requirement of imported mass production pieces....around the late 50's, early 60's, since it's India, possibly even more recent.
And it was mass produced if it has that mark.
There ARE real and decent swords made in India, with a few forges that make exceptional reproduction swords for collectors and film makers.
You can purchase a beautiful reproduction sword that was made in India for less than $100.
The most recent big sellers were from the movies Lord of the Rings, Tristan & Isolde and Kingdom of Heaven. Beautiful pieces but cost around $100.
Unless it is a reproduction piece it is considered a novelty piece, mass produced for the tourist and design market.
You may inquire with one of my two favorite sword experts for more information. Both have their own lines AND use certain forges in Asia and India for reproduction peices. They are both considered highly respected sword dealers/experts in the US and both have been around for ages.
Either of these places WILL be able to tell you just about anything involving your sword. They are the people Hollywood goes to for sword information AND they are very pleasant people and wouldn't mind assiting you one bit.
Replica Sword Shop of Atlanta - Leading Experts for swords and armor including CAS/Hanwei, Museum Replicas
2080 Peachtree Industrial Court
Suite 106
Atlanta, GA 30341
877-452-8024
http://www.replicaswordshop.com/
and
http://shop.fencing.net/category_s/88.htm
Knights Edge Ltd.
5696 N Northwest Hwy · Chicago, IL 60646-6136 USA
Phone: 773-775-3888 · Fax: 773-775-3339
http://www.medieval-sword.com/about-us.htm
3 Stabbed, 1 Tased Near Taste of Chicago
Three teens were stabbed Thursday night just blocks from the Taste of Chicago and police are confirming at least one of the victims — a 15-year-old boy — was leaving the Taste when he was stabbed.
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